Theory of Speech Acts is a philosophical theory presented in 1962 by John Langshaw Austin, a professor of moral philosophy at Oxford University; then it was developed further in Speech Acts Written by his student, John R. Searle, who is a contemporary philosopher of mind and language. The Speech-act Theory aims to represent a comprehensive analysis of the language use and the way of communication, and finally it answers to a main and basic question in philosophy of language: How one can attain a series of semantic features such as meaningfulness, meaninglessness, truth, description, predication, and communication through not so much complex phenomena such as speech sounds or written letters and words. The Theory of Speech Acts can be regarded as significant for two reasons: First, it was probably the initial strong attempt on philosophical speculation, which had destructively been attacked by Wittgenstein. Second, it has been somehow successful. Over forty years after presenting the Speech-act Theory, nowadays philosophers still deal with its requirements and results.  

One of the most important. aspects of drama and definitely drama translation is that it should be performable. In order to preserve the perform ability, the communicative function of linguistic forms should be recognized and conveyed by the translator.As noticed by some translation scholars (e.g. Snell-Hornby [1988] and Hatim [1998]), speech acts have a vital role in this process. Translators may employ different strategies to overcome difficulties in translating speech acts.Knowledge of difficulties of drama translation, speech acts (especially their different linguistic forms in different languages) and the different strategies of translating speech acts can help translators fulfill their duty as communicators.Studying speech acts as linguistic tools which can contribute to the production of better translations and recognition of the strategies adopted by translators in treating speech acts may pave the way for further researches on this neglected genre and may contribute to producing more adequate translations. This research, which was based on parallel and a comparable corpora, intended to present a classification of the linguistic forms representing the most Frequently-used speech acts in Persian dramas by analyzing randomly-selected pages of authentic Persian.

the miracle of the words, rhetoric, eloquence, musicality, structure and texture. Researching into this aspect of the Qur'an appears to be a highly difficult task and discovering meanings in this endless sea seems very complicated if not impossible. The present study, using a descriptive-analytical method, attempted at analyzing examples of Qur'anic ayahs in order to review only a smart part of this book which is the miracle of Prophet Muhammad (PBUH). It also aimed to categorize directive speech acts and their diversity on the basis of Searle's theory. The analysis of the frequency of the speech acts in the Qur'anic ayahs showed that directives were the most frequent speech acts followed by commissives, expressives, declarations and representatives. As a result, this study categorized directives in nine cases of request, statement, commanding, declaring, eulogy, dispraise, exclamation, comradeship, and interaction, the analysis of which showed that indirect speech acts have been used more often in directing humans, which indicates the multi-dimensional and polysemous characteristic of ayahs. Besides, the principle of reflection on the Holy Qur'an has made it possible that humans grasp the meanings of indirect speech acts using the power of reason and logic enjoying the bounty of reasoning granted to him.

Language shows the culture of a nation and its study can reveal hidden parts of a culture in a society. Specially, in conversations, it can be a distinctive and full example of ideas and cultures of societies within a special time and place context. Related to the significance of language in social interactions, this research opened a new path and tried to study women’ s speech acts in Hooshang Moradi Kermani’ s novels. In fact, based on the crucial role of women in creating a family and community, the type of women’ s speech act and their impact on power relations in society were investigated. This was done by using John Searle perspective and method. Speech acts were divided into 5 categories including directive, assertive, expressive, commissive and declaration acts by Searle and emphasized the conditional context of speeches such as time, place and peoples’ position in society. In this way, Moradi Kermani’ s Novels were purposefully investigated based on these five speech acts. The results of this research showed that because of the lack of power among women, especially administrative power in rural societies, they had used directive speech acts more and even their assertive and expressive speech acts had been used for motivating audiences to indirectly encourage and convince others (especially men and husbands) for reaching their purposes. Also, comissive and declaration speech acts that needed directive interactions had been rarely used.

This article, first presents a brief study of Speech Acts theory by Austin and Searle. It then focuses on the maxims of politeness, such as "tact" and "generosity" and their impact on the structure of speech acts. It then presents speech acts as a flexible mechanism for text analysis and finally, it applies speech acts in the analysis of an extract of a novel from Persian literature.

This paper will examine the possibility of conceptualizing and operationalizing Habermas’s theory of communicative action and its application to the case of Facebook users in Iran. In order to do that we selected 22 pages from Iranian users, which had highest number of “like” and covered political, cultural, social, entertainment and sports issues. We also reviewed comments left on our Facebook pages and also reviewed some publicly visible pages of a number of users. Then we used Habermas’s theory of communicative action along with grounded theory to operationalize concepts such as freedom, discourse, communicative rationality, and some types of action-speech that could be observed in Facebook. Some of the research results indicate that many types of action-speeches, dialogue that are strategically important take place among Iranian Facebook users. However, it seems performance types of action-speeches (self-disclosures) take place more in private pages than in public pages. The research results also indicate that Iranian Facebook users express their opinions freely in private and public pages. We can claim that based on the results, almost majority of Facebook users follow norms of dialogue and interaction. It could be nevertheless mentioned that some users with low level of tolerance used obscenity to express their anger against some of the comments. This indicated that communicative rationality was not present in some cases.

The nuclear negotiations of the Islamic Republic of Iran following the Islamic Revolution have become one of the most significant aspects of Iran's foreign policy. Consequently, an understanding of the strategies employed by the various countries involved in these negotiations is of great importance to Iran's decision-makers, enabling them to pursue national interests in nuclear negotiations and other comparable cases within Iran's foreign policy. China has been an international mediator in the nuclear negotiations with Iran since 2006. Despite its involvement in the nuclear negotiations between Iran and the West, China's contradictory stance towards Iran's nuclear programme has rendered the rationale behind this country's actions opaque. The principal aim of this research is to examine the manner in which the official stance of the People's Republic of China towards Iran's nuclear programme was formulated during the so-called 5+1 negotiations with Iran. The findings of the study, which was based on Copenhagen school theory, indicate that despite China's efforts to de-securitise Iran's nuclear programme, the "speeches acts" of Beijing's leaders were predicated on the securitisation of Iran's nuclear activities. In order to test this hypothesis, this research employed a qualitative content analysis methodology and evaluated the speech acts of statements made by senior Chinese negotiators.

Speech acts as the pragmatic part of the language have significant role in the social status representation of society people. So, investigating speech acts of the novel characters can enhance pragmatic and sociolinguistic knowledge of the foreign language learners and improve sociocultural knowledge of the foreigners about a speech community. According to the necessity and importance of this issue in Persian learning, and the lack of local social researches in applied linguistics and Teaching Persian to Speakers of Other Languages (TPSOL), through a qualitative content analysis method, the present study investigates speech acts used in Simin Daneshvar’s “Soovashoon” Persian novel. The results show that the male and female characters of this novel have used the assertive, directive, and expressive speech acts more than the commissive, and declarative speech acts. Moreover, a comparative analysis of the results shows that Iranian women, in both the urban and rural contexts, follow almost the same pattern in using Searle’s (1969) speech acts.

In recent years, the analysis of speeches by political and religious officials worldwide has received great attention and interest. One of the most analytically robust and compelling theories in this field is the speech act theory developed by John Austin and John Searle. In his theory, John Searle categorized speech acts into five types: declarative, persuasive, commitment, expressive, and emotional. This article aims to analyze the speeches and statements of Imam Khomeini (RA) regarding the Palestinian issue through the lens of the speech act theories of J.L. Austin and John Searle. This research is descriptive-analytical in nature and employs a method that aligns the subject with the relevant theory. The statistical population consists of a compilation of speeches by Imam Khomeini (RA) regarding the Palestinian issue, spanning from 1978 (following the victory of the revolution) until his passing on June 14, 1989. These speeches are documented in the book "Sahifeh Imam, which serves as the most comprehensive collection of the written works and statements of the founder of the Islamic Republic of Iran. The data collection method utilized a library approach, employing a card-taking tool and a total count strategy. The research findings indicated that, out of a total of 419.2 speech acts analyzed in this text, persuasive acts numbered 868, declarative acts totaled 847, and emotional acts reached 595, representing the largest categories. In contrast, commitment acts accounted for 104, while the smallest category was declarative acts, which numbered only 5. The results indicate the speaker's dissatisfaction with the current situation in Palestine and the Islamic world. In other words, Imam Khomeini (RA) has sought to express his discontent to the audience through persuasive, declarative, and emotional statements, aiming to motivate them to change the existing circumstances.

How language represents the world? This is a question has long been a major concern of philosophers of language. Many philosophers, such as, Frege, Russell and the early Wittgenstein, thought that understanding the structure of language could illuminate the nature of actual world. They believe that the main business of a declarative sentence, contrary to a performative one, beside expressing an epistemic - semantic entity, which is called "proposition", is to describe, or report, some state of affairs, which it must do either truly or falsely. But in Austin view there is no substantial distinction between declarative and performative utterances. Since in uttering the sentence we are doing some actions, as well, such as, making statements, descriptions, applications and promises, giving orders, offering apologies, and so on. These actions, which are called , speech acts, are of many types. Any utterance has a performative aspect, or illocutionary force, that determines the kind of action which is performed. Moreover, any utterance has some effects on the hearer, which are called perlocutionary acts. According to speech Acts Theory, speech acts, including illocutionary and perloctionary acts, are not only subjected to semantic and epistemic rules governing what is being said by a speaker, but further they are a matter of governing rules and presumptions of speech Acts Theory, such as the speaker and hearer intentions, their attitudes and the mutual contextual beliefs between them. Speech Acts Theory has some important consequences and effects on Semantics and Religious Epistemology, which will be discussed shortly in this article.